Review of Scoring Rubric

Disclosure to Debacle Essay Presentation: The outgrowth of the monoclonal antibodies as regulative T cell activators raised an extraordinary passion among research laborers to create them as intense go-betweens for immunotherapy. Albeit a considerable lot of these monoclonal antibodies have been promoted for the mediation of grouped maladies [ 1 ] ( Bhogal, 2007 ) , some of them couldn't make this completion because of their discontinuance in the clinical stages. One such model hypothetical record is TGN1412. TGN1412 is an IgG4 sort of monoclonal immune response which goes about as superagonist for CD28, a co-stimulatory receptor required for T-cell initiation. Since TGN1412 actuates the T cell without front initiation of the T cell antigen ( TCR ) receptor it was assigned as a superagonist [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) . In any case, the vision of utilizing TGN1412 as a mitigating specialist was slammed when it bombed in the primary proportion of the clinical surveies. The stage 1 clinical trial of this promising med ication rose to be a fiasco taking to perilous impacts in the voluntaries. This reappraisal centers around the find, presymptomatic turn of events and moral concerns identified with the medication and the potential missteps made during the period from its find to the ruin. All the above components had a falling outcome and contributed extraordinarily to the medication s disappointment. This disaster of TGN1412 requests the significant change in the current medication testing structure for the headway of the great beyond advancement of medications. Advancement: - To advance the initiation of immunosuppressive regulative T-cells, TeGenero, a German Pharmaceutical organization created TGN1412, an entirely acculturated monoclonal counter acting agent by protein innovation of the non-human species produced neutralizer ( mice immunizer ) to get belongingss explicit to universes. Protein innovation included the transportation of the integral deciding pieces of a mouse hostile to human CD28 ( 5.11.A1 ) immune response into human counter acting agent connection proteins got from Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cells [ 1 ] ( Bhogal, 2007 ) . Autoreactive T-cells doing redness and autoimmunity against specific cells and natural structure tissues are kept in constant check by regulative T cells. Ordinary T cell actuation requires both the T cell receptor and CD28, a receptor protein on surface of T cells for its expansion and enactment [ 3 ] ( Vitetta, 2006 ) . Orchestrating to surveies directed by TeGenero, TGN1412 can trip the T cells all things considered and discharge cytokines by pointing an antigenic determinant of CD28, an incredibly moderated piece of CD cringle which is uncovered on the extracellular surface of T-cell layers, in this manner shortcircuiting the interest to T cell receptor particularity. With this expectation of stamp bringing down the invulnerable framework by initiation of regulative T cells, TGN1412 was created as a new treatment for immune system and incendiary sicknesses. In Rheumatoid Arthritis, an immune system illness, TGN1412 decreased the degrees of incendiary go-betweens by actuation of the T-cells. B-CLL, most regular kind of ceaseless leukemia is related with a high white platelet tally and moderate growth of an impossible to miss sort of B-cell. TGN1412 is useful in mediation of B-CLL by non just triping and energizing the developing of lymph cells however alongside elevating the antigen demonstrating capacity of B-cells related with the B-CLL. [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) We will compose a custom article test on Discovery to Debacle explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Discovery to Debacle explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Discovery to Debacle explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer After complete turn of events, pre-clinical and lewd testing, TeGenero chose to proceed with first in human clinical test to quantify the security, averageness and pharmacokinetics of TGN1412 and manage its immunogenicity and impacts on T cells, B cells and on cytokine degrees in blood serum. For this purpose TeGenero enlisted Parexel, a different clinical test unit. The test convention put together by Parexel was approved by Medical wellbeing regulative agency ( MHRA ) on 27th January 2006 affirmed by Medical Ethics commission on fourteenth February 2006. [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) Stage 1 Clinical test disappointment: Harmonizing to the test convention planned, on 13 March 2006, the primary gathering of 6 voluntaries got a measurements of 0.1mg/kg on and was booked to have farther heightening portions more than three-week time frame. Be that as it may, the test turned ruinous and must be suspended when these voluntaries created cytokine discharge disorder with an unmanageable expansion in tissue cytokine focuses at long last taking to numerous organ disappointment. [ 4 ] ( Schraven, 2008 ) Preclinical: The test led by MHRA and the European governments after the clinical test expressed that there were no mix-ups in creation, planning and no signs of corrupt in the clump TGN1412 managed to the voluntaries [ 4 ] ( Schraven,2008 ) . To prevent such lethal occasions in future, the master bunches were enlisted by Secretary of the region for wellbeing to investigate the missteps taking to disappointment of the test. The presymptomatic surveies concerning the species decision, invitro and exvivo testing, proper portion decision and bodily surveies were focuses exposed to reevaluation. In-vitro testing: Sing the species decision, non human Primatess are most every now and again considered for the presymptomatic testing because of their nearby familial and pharmacological comparability to universes. In occurrence of TGN1412, Rhesus macaques and the cynomolgus monkeys were utilized as the hypothetical record for surveies on the balance that the 6 amino corrosive epitope on the C D circle of CD28 to which the medication seems to follow is entirely comparative and saved in both the macaques and the universes. [ 5 ] ( Stebbings, 2009 ) After cautious structuring of the TGN1412 dependent on the saved grouping of the non-human Primatess, it could put the recombinant human cells indicating CD28 with high following partiality. Particularity of TGN1412 for CD28 was affirmed with following surveies on the human cells demonstrating CD-28, Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 ( CTLA-4 ) and the inducible co-trigger ( ICOS ) , in which TGN1412 did non uncover cross-reactivity with the CTLA-4 and ICOS with the way that both these proteins have high evaluation of amino-corrosive grouping homology with CD28. So as to assist synergize the species selectivity, following capacity of TGN1412 in the human, Macaca mulatta and cynomolgus monkeys and gnawers and marmoset T-cells was assessed. It was discovered that nanomolar convergence of TGN1412 could cling explicitly to human and Macaca mulatta and cynomolgus monkeys however non with marmoset and rat T-Cells because of contrast in the antigenic determinant of the marmoset and human CD2 8. In marmoset species, 2 of the amino acids out of 6 contrast when contrasted with rodent in which every one of the 6 amino acids are extraordinary, consequently affecting the official of the TGN1412 to CD28 of these species. All these surveies incited the exploration laborers to proceed with the surveies on the Macaca mulatta and cynomolgus macaques. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006, 2007 ) Alongside pre-prevailing look in human lien, CD28 is other than communicated in the lymphatic, respiratory, connective and female generative tissues. Despite the fact that being perceptive of this reality, the cross-reactivity surveies in cynomolgus monkeys were performed with restricted tissues non representing total tissue dispersion of TGN1412. In add-on to this, cross-reactivity was seen with the respiratory CD28 which was unexplained in the divert assessment of presymptomatic preliminaries since respiratory disfunction was seen in the voluntaries who took an interest in the test. [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) . In this way it was recommended that executing such surveies with more extensive variety of tissues would enormously aid the great beyond improvement of immunobiologics. In add-on to official and the cross responsiveness surveies, invitro preliminaries with human fringe blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) were performed for prognosticating the invivo explicitness and the species affectability for TGN1412 [ 5 ] ( Stebbings, 2009 ) . Since most maps of the antibodies are intervened by following of their Fc part to Fc receptor consolidating cells [ 4 ] ( Schraven,2008 ) , in-vitro preliminaries discovering particularity, with Fc immobilized TGN1412, which impersonated the Fc restricting were acted in cynomolgus monkeys and grown-up male, because of high evaluation of similitude in their arrangement homology of the Fc receptor. It showed that TGN1412 could excite the reaction simply when it was immobilized onto a surface, or coupled by means of immobilized Fc-explicit counter acting agent. Rather than the above outcomes, immobilization of TGN1412 in the cynomolgus monkeys did non demo its activity as a superagonist [ 5 ] ( Stebbings, 2009 ) . On the other h and it goes about as traditional CD28 agonist requiring T-cell receptor and CD28 initiation for T cell incitement or more all that it did non trip the cytokine creation as found in the voluntaries in the clinical tests [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) . Every one of these outcomes demonstrated hapless species decision for the presymptomatic preliminaries. Creature Trials: Pharmacokinetic and toxicological issues have been thought about in correspondence with lustful surveies. Pharmacokinetic examinations made during the near study of the TGN1412 with its variation TGN1112 in Macaca mulatta macaques, showed that after their IV removal, both the medications were available in the blood serum for 20 yearss, with the pinnacle grouping of the T-cells and no indicant of the expanded cytokine degrees. Because of the overestimate of these impacts in invitro surveies, 28 twenty-four hours surveies were acted in the cynomolgus monkeys. The half existence of TGN1412 in these surveies was seen as 8 yearss with a

The eNotes Blog Happy Birthday, ToniMorrison

Glad Birthday, ToniMorrison Today, February 18, denotes the 82nd birthday of Toni Morrison. Morrison was granted the Pulitzer Prize in 1988 for her novel Beloved.  She is the United States just living scholarly Nobel Prize victor (granted to her in 1993). Morrison was conceived  Chloe Wofford to average workers guardians in 1931. She experienced childhood in Lorain, Ohio and changed over to Catholicism at age twelve.  Her baptismal name was Anthony, which is the place Toni originates from; Morrison is her hitched name. In 1958, she wedded fellow Howard University teacher Harold Morrison. The couple had two kids yet separated in 1964. In the late 1960s while an educator at Howard, Morrison started composing with a casual gathering of companions. She built up her first story there about a dark young lady who yearned to have blue eyes. This story was the reason for her novel The Bluest Eye (1970).  Other books have appreciated both basic and well known achievement, including  Sula (nominated for a National Book Award in 1975), Song of Solomon (1977), Beloved (1987) and Jazz (1992). Morrison has been known as an author who has advanced our scholarly legacy over an existence of administration, or a corpus of work  and one whose  novels [are] described  by visionary power and lovely import [and] offer life to a basic part of American reality. Here are ten of the most essential lines from Morrisons worksâ and addresses: 1.  â€Å"Make up a story For our purpose and yours overlook your name in the road; mention to us what the world has been to you out of the loop places and in the light. Dont mention to us what to accept, what to fear. Give us convictions wide skirt and the fasten that unwinds fears caul.†Ã‚ ―  The Nobel Lecture In Literature, 1993 2.  â€Å"She is a companion of my brain. She accumulate me, man. The pieces I am, she assemble them and give them back to me in all the privilege order.†   Beloved 3.  â€Å"Dont ever think I succumbed to you, or fell over you. I didnt begin to look all starry eyed at, I rose in it.†  Jazz 4.  â€Å"I tell my understudies, When you land these positions that you have been so splendidly prepared for, simply recollect that your genuine activity is that in the event that you are free, you have to free another person. On the off chance that you have some force, at that point your main responsibility is to enable another person. This isn't only a snatch pack candy game.† 5.  â€Å"What distinction do it make if the thing you terrified of is genuine or not?†  Song of Solomonâ 6.  â€Å"In this nation American methods white. Every other person needs to hyphenate.† 7.  â€Å"Along with the possibility of sentimental love, she was acquainted with anotherphysical magnificence. Likely the most dangerous thoughts throughout the entire existence of human idea. Both began in envy, flourished in weakness, and finished in disillusion.†  The Bluest Eye 8.  â€Å"Love is or it aint. Slender love aint love at all.†  Beloved 9.  â€Å"Gimme abhor, Lord,† he whimpered. â€Å"I’ll take abhor quickly. In any case, don’t give me love. I can’t take no more love, Lord. I can’t convey itIt’s excessively substantial. Jesus, you know, You thoroughly understand it. Ain’t it substantial? Jesus? Ain’t love heavy?†  Song of Solomonâ 10.  â€Å"All heavens, all utopias are structured by who isn't there, by the individuals who are not permitted in.

Essay Writing Ideas That Students Will Love

Essay Writing Ideas That Students Will LoveWhen it comes to writing a middle school essay, you will need to choose the right topics for your topic and then write your essay based on that. This is a very important decision, as you want your middle school students to take your essay seriously.You also want them to be interested in what you are writing and interested in taking the essay seriously as well. It's easy to think about these things when you are first writing your essay but as your essay matures, you will find that it becomes a little more difficult. One of the most important things you need to remember when it comes to essay writing is that you should be able to stay focused.Writing an essay for middle school students can be a bit more difficult than it is for college or high school students. If you make your efforts known and show enthusiasm, then you can expect your students to take your essays very seriously.When you choose a topic for your essay, you must have a good unde rstanding of the subject matter. Most students don't read all of their texts, so having a good understanding of the topic will be very helpful. You should also have a good idea of the kind of tone you want to set in your writing.Don't assume that students will pay great attention to your ideas unless you give them all the tools they need to understand what you are trying to say. You should not try to read everything they have to say and take it personally if they don't take you seriously. By paying attention to their writing and your interests, you can begin to develop a rapport with them.There are many different kinds of essay writing that you can use including online middle school essay samples. One thing that you will want to keep in mind is that writing a middle school essay is just like writing any other essay. You want to be careful to not take things out of context because you may inadvertently use one idea and then turn it into something completely different.When it comes to getting started, it can be very hard to know what topic to choose for your middle school essay. Even if you feel that you are a good writer, you may still find that the topic you choose is not the best for your students. There are so many different kinds of topics that you will be able to use for your essays, so make sure that you read up on the topic you are going to use before you start writing your middle school essay.By using several different kinds of essay samples and different kinds of essays in your middle school essays, you can choose a topic that will interest your students. You can be creative and not just focus on going over the same material again. By taking some time to research the topic you choose, you will be able to be sure that your essay will be well received by your students.

Internal Controls And Internal Control - 1117 Words

Internal control plays an increasingly significant role in firms and many other organizations. Businesspeople, especially managers, pay more attention to internal control and its relationship with management (Krishnan, 2005). They tend to discover how internal control affects the operation of the companies. Although managers of some companies have doubts on the value of internal control, it directly helps managers to make open and effective management of the companies when designing, undertaking and optimizing their plans. The definition of internal control is presented in the first section. Then next section shows the importance of internal control, which mainly functions as risk assessment, effective communication and monitoring,†¦show more content†¦Risk assessment is the most basic function of internal control that helps companies to prevent risks. Risks are analyzed, considering possibility and influence, as a basis for determining how they should be dealt with, thus, t hose potential risks can be identified before financial losses occur (Feng et al., 2009). For example, a company purchases an advanced fire-prevention system including the smoke detectors and fire alarms. This control behavior can reduce the possibility of fire accidents that may destroy the company’s physical assets. Therefore, the system is worthwhile because it prevents the company suffering from the likelihood of fire and avoids financial losses. Internal control systems have been advocated as a mechanism for establishing high quality management (Altamuro et al., 2010). It is impossible to run companies without any risks. What managers need to do is to assess the possibility of the risk and take relevant measures to prevent it occurring. The model of risk assessment is applied to decide whether the control should be implemented. There is a tiny flaw of the internal control. From the example it can be seen that if the cost of purchasing the fire-prevention system surpasses the total value of the company assets, this kind of control will lose its significance. Internal control makes great contribution to reducing

Briggs-Rauscher Oscillating Color Change Reaction

The Briggs-Rauscher reaction, also known as the oscillating clock, is one of the most common demonstrations of a chemical oscillator reaction. The reaction begins when three colorless solutions are mixed together. The color of the resulting mixture will oscillate between clear, amber, and deep blue for about 3-5 minutes. The solution ends up as a blue-black mixture. Solution A Add 43 g potassium iodate (KIO3) to ~800 mL distilled water. Stir in 4.5 mL sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Continue stirring until the potassium iodate is dissolved. Dilute to 1 L. Solution B Add 15.6 g malonic acid (HOOCCH2COOH) and 3.4 g manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4 . H2O) to ~800 mL distilled water. Add 4 g of vitex starch. Stir until dissolved. Dilute to 1 L. Solution C Dilute 400 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to 1 L. Materials 300 mL of each solution1 L beakerstirring platemagnetic stir bar Procedure Place the stirring bar into the large beaker.Pour 300 mL each of solutions A and B into the beaker.Turn on the stirring plate. Adjust the speed to produce a large vortex.Add 300 mL of solution C into the beaker. Be sure to add solution C after mixing solutions A B or else the demonstration will not work. Enjoy! Notes This demonstration evolves iodine. Wear safety goggles and gloves and perform the demonstration in a well-ventilated room, preferably under a ventilation hood. Use care when preparing the solutions, as the chemicals include strong irritants and oxidizing agents. Clean Up Neutralize the iodine by reducing it to iodide. Add ~10 g sodium thiosulfate to the mixture. Stir until the mixture becomes colorless. The reaction between iodine and thiosulfate is exothermic and the mixture may be hot. Once cool, the neutralized mixture may be washed down the drain with water. The Briggs-Rauscher Reaction IO3- 2 H2O2 CH2(CO2H)2 H -- ICH(CO2H)2 2 O2 3 H2O This reaction can be broken into two component reactions: IO3- 2 H2O2 H -- HOI 2 O2 2 H2O This reaction can occur by a radical process which is turned on when I- concentration is low, or by a nonradical process when the I- concentration is high. Both processes reduce iodate to hypoiodous acid. The radical process forms hypoiodous acid at a much faster rate than the nonradical process. The HOI product of the first component reaction is a reactant in the second component reaction: HOI CH2(CO2H)2 -- ICH(CO2H)2 H2O This reaction also consists of two component reactions: I- HOI H -- I2 H2O I2CH2(CO2H)2 -- ICH2(CO2H)2 H I- The amber color results from the production of the I2. The I2 forms because of the rapid production of HOI during the radical process. When the radical process is occurring, HOI is created faster than it can be consumed. Some of the HOI is used while excess is reduced by hydrogen peroxide to I-. The increasing I- concentration reaches a point at which the nonradical process takes over. However, the nonradical process does not produce HOI nearly as fast as the radical process, so the amber color begins to clear as I2 is consumed more quickly than it can be created. Eventually the I- concentration drops low enough for the radical process to restart so the cycle can repeat itself. The deep blue color is the result of the I- and I2 binding to the starch present in the solution.​ Source B. Z. Shakhashiri, 1985, Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, vol. 2, pp. 248-256.

Police Conduct A Search And Seizure At A Public School...

ISSUES 1. Can police conduct a search and seizure at a public school initiated by school officials? 2. Do police have authority to use a search warrant as grounds to enter and search for activity on tribal property? 3. Will evidence found outside the parameters of a warrant be admissible? 4. Are illegal substances permitted for religious Indian ceremonies? 5. Is there recovery for damages against police and prosecuting attorney for the irreplaceable destruction of religious artifacts during an illegal search on tribal property? BRIEF ANSWERS 1. Yes. The search must be reasonable according to New Jersey v TLO. 2. Yes. Since the act happened off-reservation, the state may conduct an investigation on tribal property. 3. Yes. Congress gave Indians this privilege after the Supreme Court case Employment Division v Smith. 4. Yes. Damages can be filed for in a civil suit. FACTS Songaa Weathers is a member of the Chippewa Indian tribe, residing on tribal reservation land in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan. Songaa is a student at Mt. Pleasant High. On September 11th, 2015, her classroom was searched by a drug-sniffing dog and its handler. Everyone, including the teacher, was demanded to leave the room without taking any belongings, despite having asked to remain in the room. The search was conducted behind a closed door and pulled blinds. After the search, Songaa was pointed out in front of her peers as the owner of the seized bag. Songaa claimed the bag was not hers, and proceeded toShow MoreRelatedLabeling, Law, and Americas Drug Policy Essay3279 Words   |  14 Pagesstopped and searched by police during the investigation of a crime in the college town of Oneonta, NY. An elderly white woman was assaulted at knifepoint near the State University of New York College at Oneonta (SUCO) campus. The women described her assailant as an African American male who ma y have accidentally cut his hand during the attack. 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Competition And Business On Organizations -Myassignmenrthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Competition And Business On Organizations? Answer: Introduction Nestle is a Swiss transnational company with its headquarters in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. Nestle deals in food and drinks industry and is one of the biggest in the world. Owning more than 2000 brands in 191 countries the company is employing more than 33,000+ employees. Nestle came in 1905 when Anglo-Swiss Milk Company and Farine Lactee Henri Nestle merged. During the First and Second World War, the company grew significantly expanding in other areas apart from initial offerings in condensed milk and infant products. Today, the company sells products as baby food, medical food, breakfast cereal, pet food, coffee tea, bottled water, frozen food, ice cream, confectionary. Today Twenty-Nine major brands of Nestle have annual sales of over $1.1 billion. We can date the origins back to the 1860s when in 1866 Charles (US counsel in Switzerland) and George Page, two brothers from the USA established the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Cham, Switzerland. Around the same time in 1867, Henri Nestle in Vevey developed baby food based on milk. He later helped Daniel Peter in solving the problem of water from the milk chocolate he was trying to create and in 1879 they merged. Following that in 1877 Anglo-Swiss came with their milk-based baby foods and the following year saw Nestle company adding condensed milk to their product line. Thus, marketing them direct competitor (Nestle, 2013). Finally, in 1905 the two companies merged and carried the name Nestle and Anglo-Swiss until 1947 when they took on the name Nestle Alimentana SA after acquiring Fabrique de Produits Maggi SA (Founded 1884) and the holding company Alimentana SA. However, the current name Nestle was adopted in 1977. Nestl's main development model is that they acquire companies to expand their reach, but that model has its own risks involved. Nestle constantly works on improving its current product line, at the same time working on the development of new and improved products keeping in mind the global customer demands. Nestle Australia faces major competition from homegrown brands of Woolworths and Coles (Sa Vinhas and Heide, 2014). Marketing Environment Analysis The internal or microenvironment of Nestle shows us the internal strength, weakness, opportunities, and threat to the organization and SWOT analysis throw some light on those factors. STRENGTH WEAKNESS Worlds leading food and beverage company Diverse product range Research Development Corporate social responsibility Well established brands Inconsistent quality Negative publicity High cost of advertising OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Demand for healthier food Looking for new channels Increase in spending power Looking at new joint ventures Investing more in research and development Home grown brands Food contamination Cost wars Increasing price of raw materials Strength World's Leading Food and Beverage Company: Being a global leader and a company with worldwide hold Nestle has one of the widest product portfolios of food and beverages which is harder for a lot of other competitors to compete with. Diverse Product range: Having a global reach and hold allows Nestle to cater to the buyer's requirement varying from region to region or demographically. This helps in further enhancing the company's image and creates a steady and growing customer base (Moura et al., 2015). Research Development: With the resources and reach Nestle management strong focus on researching and developing new products as per the market requirement, year after year. In 2015 they spent nearly $2 billion on research and development (Ltkenhaus and de Freitas, 2016). Corporate Social Responsibilities: Not only does nestle focus on its products and profits but it also actively works towards the betterment of the society it operates in. They also look for ways to improve how the products are made to ensure less wastage (Hunt, 2014). Well Established Brands: Nestle owns some of the world's most renowned, trusted and widely accepted brands which ensure that the company has edge over most of the competitors (OLeary and Spangler, 2016). Weakness Inconsistent quality: Time and again nestle has failed to provide a uniform quality of its products in and out of Australia. There have been a lot of recalls throughout the product line (Patrizia and Gianluca, 2013). Negative publicity: Due to the recalls and the past negativity regarding the baby milk scandal nestle has its own share of negative relations with a large customer base, even till date. High advertisement cost: Nestle goes to great length in terms of advertising to ensure public awareness about its products and what it is doing. This does help the company and at the same time advertising being necessary, it does incur high costs on the company. Opportunities Demand for healthier foods: Nestle already working in the health food sector can expand further as now a day's every second individual is changing the food habits and making sure they eat healthy. Looking for new channels: E-commerce being global phenomena can open new ways for nestle to reach faster and at the same time keeping the cost less than the traditional means. Increase in spending power: With growing purchasing power of the individuals and even youngsters company has the opportunity to cater to a wide array of customers than it could a few years back. Looking at new joint ventures: Nestle can further strengthen its reach by forming new joint ventures with other chain stores than it already has to ensure that no stone is left unturned. Invest more in research and development: Nestle spends only 1.5-2% of its total sales on research and development. In order to gain an edge over the competition and new emerging players, it can increase the investment to ensure ahead in the industry. Threats Homegrown brand: Chains such as Woolworths, Aldi and Coles are increasing and pushing their own brands into the market creating a challenge for nestle in the market. Food contamination: Despite being global brands with quality checks, every now and then nestle does come up with issues relating to food contamination. This ends up hurting the trust of the customers and the brand image of the company (Prince, 2015). Cost wars: The new and emerging local suppliers are fighting cost wars with major players like Nestle and today when prices greatly affect the purchasing decision of the customer. This forces the company to cut down the prices or face the risk of being out of the game in a longer run (Saluja and Mahajan, 2017). Increasing price of the raw materials: The prices of the raw materials used to produce the products have been rising steadily and thus companies pay a large amount to source these products from the producers. External Analysis The external marketing environment for nestle Australia can broadly be classified into four parts. Political Environment Economic Environment Social Environment Technological Environment POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT: The various factors under this would be various employment laws, government regulations for foreign companies, tax on raw materials imported, etc. Bringing in a new product would not be so tough in Australia due to the political stability. However, in recent times we have seen many changes in regulations regarding the food standards (Krafft et al., 2015). ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT: With the increase in the buying power of the consumers it is becoming favorable for companies to sell their product. But the consumers have also become cost conscious and we have seen a change in the consumer budgets. Keeping in mind all these things nestle spends a considerable amount in redesigning and innovating new products for the Australian market (Peck et al., 2013). SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT: We have seen an increase in consumer's inclination towards eating healthy and thus increasing the requirement and demand for healthier food products. This provides nestle with new opportunity to diversify its line up but at the same time, the challenge arises of improving or managing the currently available products. Also, change in lifestyle, consumer behavior and the culture also needs to be taken into account (Crane et al., 2014). TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT: The fast-growing and ever-changing technology do pose a lot of challenges from the competitors may it be in terms of customer approach, reaching out to the mass, advertising or even distribution. Also, nestle has suffered challenges with its quality control every now and then and the seal of guarantee initiative is an amazing way to which the company has tackled the situation (Dunning, 2014). Recommendation After thorough analysis and in-depth study of the Nestle products currently available in Australia and how the market is evolving, we would recommend a new beverage, an energy drink. The Australia energy drink market is worth $1.2 billion and increasing with V drink being the market leader and Redbull right behind it. Also, Coca-Cola Amatil has secured a 20-year contract for Monster energy drink. Studies show that the Australian energy drink market has been growing between 6 to 7 percent ever since 2010. Nestle however, is nowhere close to the major players as of now. The profit margins are higher in energy drinks as compared to carbonated soft drinks (Lusch and Vargo, 2014). Target Market The new energy drink will be focusing on youth and adults, both male and female consumers as they are the largest consumer of energy drinks globally and even in Australia. The estimated population of Australia is about 24,500,000+ with almost 89.01% of the population living in urban areas making it convenient for the companies to market and distribute their products to a large mass (Zeng, 2017). The youth and working-age population (15-64) is about 66.9% and our main target will be (15-54) 55.1% of that population. That does not mean that the remaining 11.8 % (55-64) would not be consuming the product but the major focus will be on the other 55.1%. New Product Description As discussed earlier that our new product will be an energy drink targeted at the youth and working class. Today energy drinks have been associated with various sports, adventures, day to day activities etc. This gives us a wide array of a consumer base to cover. The product will be named as FROOST. It will be a fruit-based natural energy drink and hence fruit and boost combine to form froost. Knowing that the trend today is shifting towards healthy eating and drinking habits we have decided to go with more natural and healthy form of energy drink rather than the conventional artificial ones. Initially, we will launch the drink with 4 flavors Grapefruit, kiwi, strawberry, blackberry and pomegranate. There will be one artificial energy drink and one sugar-free version. There will be various flavors and options available to choose from. The number one energy drink seller V drinks have just 1 natural energy drink and the rest are artificial and coffee based. This will give us an opportunity to attract those who are looking for healthier ways to keep themselves energized throughout the day. It is seen that there will be conventional energy drinks with and without sugar. Froost is a fruit-based energy drink with 4 natural flavors, grapefruit, kiwi strawberry, blackberry and pomegranate and two artificial ones. We will be launching one standard size for all the products i.e. 250 ml There are two pricing methods we can opt for, the cost-based pricing and going rate pricing. For the fruit energy drinks, we will be using that cost-based pricing. We will calculate the price by adding markup to the overall cost of the product. The other two energy drinks, however, will be on going rate price. After studying the current prices being offered by the competition we will try and keep it a bit lower than their prices in the initial stage so the more customers can be attracted (Qiao, 2017). Initially, we will be targeting the customers in the large urban areas. Nestle already has a well-established distribution channel that will play a crucial role in the placement of the products. We will ensure availability not only in hypermarkets like Woolworths, Coles, and Aldi but also in various supermarket chains like Seven Eleven. Various cafe chains and local outlets will also be our target as a lot of young people spend a significant amount of time there (Orel and Kara, 2014). Being an energy drink we will be ensuring to tie up and make available our energy drink at adventure sports events and other sports facilities in order to engage customer involvement at the very beginning (Porter et al., 2011). Having our target audience ranging from 15-54 we will be promoting the product in more than one manner ensuring engagement of all demographics of the population. In order to cater to the youth and young people (15-30), we will be coming up with sports events of our own or sponsored where we will be handing out free trial samples at the same time 5-10% discount on purchases made there (Payaud, 2014). For the working class population we will ensure that the newspapers, radio, and social networking sites are also covered emphasizing on the advantages of the drink and how it can help them in their day to day working and hectic lifestyle. There will be bundle packaging available for the entire week so that they can just shop once a week and have availability throughout. Conclusion Nestle being a global leader has the tools and resources it needs. In Australia, Nestle has been capturing more and more grounds as each year passes by. Sure there is some competition coming in from chain stores or local start-ups. However, Nestle has long been into acquisitions and mergers, so it should not be that big problem for them to acquire some new start-up they find to be beneficial for their business growth. They should, however, focus more on ensuring a steady quality delivery of their food and beverage products as in today's socially connected world a small mishap can lead to a great damage to the brand as a whole. They also need to keep in mind the changing trends regarding the consumer habits and start moving more towards healthier options of the current products that they have, before other companies make the big move. Past allegations have hurt Nestl's name a lot and so nestle Australia should ensure to actively take part and ensure that it fulfills its corporate social responsibility to strengthen the trust in the public. It should research and develop new manufacturing ways which do little or no harm to the natural resources and to the environment as a whole. The diversification into energy drinks as suggested in the report will help the company to cater the still untapped customer's segment which right now looks for other options. To have only milk-based energy drink will not take nestle far in line of products. With more natural and healthier energy drinks nestle is sure to gain an edge over the competition. So, Nestle has made the right decisions so far to reach where it is and will be at a whole new level in a longer run. References Crane, A., Palazzo, G., Spence, L.J. and Matten, D., 2014. Contesting the value of creating shared value.California management review,56(2), pp.130-153. Dunning, J.H., 2014.The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Hunt, S.D., 2014.Marketing theory: foundations, controversy, strategy, and resource-advantage theory. Routledge. Krafft, M., Goetz, O., Mantrala, M., Sotgiu, F. and Tillmanns, S., 2015. The evolution of marketing channel research domains and methodologies: an integrative review and future directions.Journal of Retailing,91(4), pp.569-585. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Ltkenhaus, D. and de Freitas, M.N., 2016. Strategic management applied to the Six-Sigma suitability appraisal for RD in FMCG companies.Revista iPecege,2(1), pp.80-99. Moura, A., Branco, M. and Camoesas, M., 2015, June. NESTL, a global firm and its customer relationships. InIMC 2015 International Management Conference 26th June 2015(p. 96). Moura, A., Branco, M. and Camoesas, M., 2015, June. NESTL, A GLOBAL FIRM AND ITS CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. InIMC 2015 International Management Conference 26th June 2015(p. 96). Nestle, M., 2013.Food politics: How the food industry influences nutrition and health(Vol. 3). Univ of California Press. OLeary, D. and Spangler, S., 2016. Monitoring and Mining Digital Media for Brand and Reputation Information. Orel, F.D. and Kara, A., 2014. Supermarket self-checkout service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty: Empirical evidence from an emerging market.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(2), pp.118-129 Patrizia, G. and Gianluca, C., 2013. Stakeholder management between managerial action and communication.Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series,22(2), pp.97-105. Payaud, M.A., 2014. Marketing strategies at the bottom of the pyramid: Examples from Nestle, Danone, and Procter Gamble.Global Business and Organizational Excellence,33(2), pp.51-63. Peck, H., Christopher, M., Clark, M. and Payne, A., 2013.Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Porter, M.E., Hills, G., Pfitzer, M., Patscheke, S. and Hawkins, E., 2011. Measuring shared value: How to unlock value by linking social and business results. Prince, N.R., 2015.The influence of competition and business strategy on organizations' use of high-performance work systems. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Qiao, D., Zhang, J., Wei, Q. and Chen, G., 2017. Finding competitive keywords from query logs to enhance search engine advertising.Information Management,54(4), pp.531-543. Sa Vinhas, A. and Heide, J.B., 2014. Forms of competition and outcomes in dual distribution channels: The distributors perspective.Marketing Science,34(1), pp.160-175. Saluja, N. and Mahajan, V., 2017. Profitability, Efficiency and Risk Analysis of Nestle India Limited.Choice,6(1). Zeng, X., 2017, May. Research on the development strategy of product under the strategy of brand merger and acquisition. InApplied System Innovation (ICASI), 2017 International Conference on(pp. 963-965). IEEE.

Wildlife Essays (888 words) - Habitat, Environmental Conservation

Wildlife The ?cry of the wild? can still be heard across this great land. I have heard the bugle of an elk on the Great Plains...the shrill of a bald eagle along the banks of the mightily Mississippi...the roar of a brown eagle bear on windswept tundra...and the gobble of a wild turkey among western foothills. Amazing beauty can still be found in the natural landscapes of this great land. I have seen through televisions, articles, books, and newspapers the towering forests...pristine waters...rich wetlands...wide-open prairies...majestic mountains...and vast deserts alive with color. I am in awe by the complexity and wonder of the natural world. Truly, it is where you can find solace and peace. America is truly blessed. A land rich in natural resources----our sense of adventure, pioneering spirit, and tenacity. Irving Berlin's God Bless America, Woody Guthrie's This Land is Your Land, and Samuel Smith's America all declare a love and respect for this land we call ?home.? It is our duty to regain a love and respect for the land, its beauty, and life ?s comfort. The legacy of our natural resource heritage must be preserved. Education is the answer. Through writing my paper I have learned that endangered species is more than a name, it is a mission in-and-of-itself, a mission to keep safe our wildlife---forever. The earth is home to more than 5.2 billion people, each having certain needs, wants, and desires. The process of consumption drastically changes the natural landscape, an many cases to the wearing away of other species. Consumption transform vast quantities of natural resources, such as fossil fuels and trees, into countless products and mountains of waste. As such, it directly and indirectly impacts land use decisions including wetland drainage, the clearing of forest, mining, agricultural production, and development. Over time, the increasing affect of poor land use, decisions, and reckless use of natural resources have undermined the integrity and to keep up the ability of the natural world, resulting in global environmental reduction. In his book, Earth in the Balance---Ecology and the Human Spirit, Vice President Al Gore writes: ?The disharmony in our relationship to the earth, which stems in part from our addiction to a pattern of consuming ever-larger quantities of the resources of the earth, is now manifest in successive crises, each marking a more destructive clash between our civilization and the natural world: whereas all threats to the environment used to be local and regional, several are now strategic . The loss of one and a half acres of rain forest every second, the sudden, thousand fold acceleration of the natural extinction rate for living species, the ozone hole above Antarctica and the thinning of the ozone layer at all latitudes, the possible destruction of the climate balance that makes our lives livable--all these suggest the increasingly violent collision between human civilization and the natural world. For civilization as a whole, the faith that is so essential to restore the balance now missing in our relationship to the earth is the faith that we have a future. We can believe in that future and work to achieve it and preserve it, or we can whirl blindly on, behaving as if one day there will be no children to inherit our legacy. The choice is ours; the earth is in the balance.? What is the leading threat to wildlife? What does the word ?threatened? mean? What does the word ?endangered mean? Does extinction really mean gone forever? What happened to the Bald Eagle? The words ?threatened? and ?endangered? are used to describe the status of rare wildlife and plant species. Threatened is used to classify a species with dangerously low population numbers. The bald eagle is an example of a threatened wildlife species. And extinct is used to identify a species that no longer exists or has died out. The dusky seaside sparrow is an example of an extinct wildlife species. Persistent decline in wildlife populations led Congress to enact the Endangered Species in 1973. The act mandated the federal government to protect endangered wildlife, plant species, and their habitats. Today, there are over 1,000 species protected by the Endangered Species Act. Approximately 50 species are added each year. The loss of any species is cause for great

Profile in ethical leadership

Profile in ethical leadership Overview of President Bush’s actions George Bush was the most vocal promoter of military acts against Iraq thus spearheading its invasion. His actions prior and during this affront highlight his intentions to engage in war. Subsequently, Bush sought permission to engage in war through congress. Bush coerced states aligned to NATO to join the incursion. Bush lied on several occasions with respect to the actual state of affairs when put to task by regulatory authorities at an internal level (CNN, 2010). Bush misinterpreted preliminary report indicating the likely presence of such weapons. Bush believed he was restoring America’s supremacy. Current issues prior to the War against Iraq Bush initiated the war in order to make a statement about Americas might as a superpower after the radical attacks on 9/11. His desire to prove America’s supremacy was his main undoing. This is because it forced him into a series of erroneous judgments. These strategies eventually le d to the unnecessary invasion of Iraq, which cost the country billions of dollars and lives of industrious service men. The most regrettable aftermath of this occurrence was the death of millions of civilians while others lost their homes (Chauhan, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Profile in ethical leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is noteworthy that America participated actively in the crusade against terrorism. Moreover, it joined efforts with Israel to fight perpetrators of the heinous act. It is noteworthy that most of these perpetrators hailed from the Arab world. In addition, these attacks have prompted many heads of state to invest in fortification mechanisms for their countries. This is in a bid to minimize threats since such attacks might occur in the future. Consequently, several states established a tribunal to investigate the availability and circulation of illegal weaponry o f mass obliteration. This team had the responsibility of establishing the most probable locations, which could house terrorists (Mahnken, 2007). President Bush, who persuaded America’s allies to join the warfare against Iraq, quickly took up a preliminary report that indicated the likely presence of lethal weapons in Iraq. This depicts poor judgment, since a leader in his position ought to have exercised patience and waited for the conclusion of investigation on the matter. This is prior to adopting conclusive results. In addition, he should have adjusted the military calendar and scrutinized the reports. This is because most of the mentioned sites lacked credible weapons that posed a danger to humanity (Chauhan, 2003). Perceived motivation of President Bush Several reasons influenced President Bush’s decision to authorize the attack on Iraq. He based this action on claims that armaments of mass annihilation and other illegal artillery were present in Iraq. It is notew orthy that such allegations are unsubstantiated to date. Since Saddam opted not to cooperate with the Bush administration, the latter used his authority to overthrow him forcefully and assume control of the nation and its vast resources. Bush further claimed that his Iraqi counterpart exuded dictatorial tendencies. This technique of leadership is different from the democratic system evident in the country and other western nations. Fears of Saddam’s widespread influence among regional states also influenced his resolution to attack Iraq. He propagated his imperialist habits by indicating that he was transferring democracy to suppressed people in the gulf nation.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It goes without question that President Bush was out to restore America’s deflated pride, especially after its vulnerabilities were evident in the radical affro nts carried out within it by terrorist groups. His poor judgment is further evident when he chooses to focus on sentiments, as opposed to the rationale and facts (Middle East Online, 2010). He disregarded the advice of experts, who clearly pointed out the absence of illegal weapons as exemplified in previous intelligence briefs. Impact of his actions on America and its citizens His actions have placed the populace at a precarious position due to increased threat of attack from rebel groups. This is because America’s attack on Iraq provoked these groups; hence, they want to revenge. Additionally, the war caused harm to innocent civilians. Most importantly, the Islam religion often viewed such attacks as a means of revenge. Consequently, their faith allows such actions. After the war, America’s popularity reduced drastically. This is because other groups still believe that it is extremely aggressive; furthermore, it holds little regard for humanity and the rights of othe r persons. Its foreign policy has been subject to ridicule on several occasions. Its enemies successfully portray it as a nation of intolerant and self-seeking persons. Consequently, most of its nationals are subjects of suspicion. This is without assessing the nobility of their intentions (Profita, 2007). However, this is not fair since one cannot judge the entire American society basing on the actions of Bush. Most importantly, these attacks weakened the economies of both nations. It is noteworthy that the latest financial crisis is a resultant attribute of this war. This is because the defense budget increased tremendously, thus affecting other sectors of the economy. This had a negative influence on the economy; furthermore, the unsustainable projects bore fewer returns. This implied that minimal finances were recovered, hence deficits in the American budget. References Chauhan, S. (2003). War on Iraq. New Delhi: S.B NANGIA, A.P.H Publishing Corporation. CNN. (2010). Timeline: M ajor events in Iraq since the start of the war. Retrieved from: http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/03/19/timeline.iraq/index.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Profile in ethical leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mahnken, T. (2007). War in Iraq: planning and execution. New York, NY: Routledge Publishers. Middle East online. (2010). Blix accuses Bush, Blair of ‘poor judgment’. Retrieved from: https://middle-east-online.com/en Profita, H. (2007). Bush’s Iraq Plan Collapses. CBS News. Retrieved from: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bushs-iraq-plan-collapses/

Money as a motivator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Money as a motivator - Essay Example That is why the successful organizations specializing in sales especially in direct sales apply maximum efforts to express recognition to the employees for any achievement, big or small. They know that in our overpopulated world the majority of people feel that nobody cares of them, that they are not important. And the recognition is some kind of a confirmation of their importance. Really, those who understand people usually say: "You are an especial person. You are quite another matter". I am sure, that if more companies will pay more attention to expression of gratitude to the employees, and not only to those who are engaged in sales, but also to secretaries and attendants, that will lead to improbable rise of productivity. 2. Feeling of victory. This is one of the best motivators. If you should fell an inclination to something, let will be inclination to victory, to winning. There are millionaires who work for ten - twelve hours a day, making more millions. And this is not because money is necessary for them. They do that for the feeling of pleasure that "victories" brings. Money is not a big stimulus for them: they already have a lot of money. They need that heady feeling which is got with a victory. Jim Rohn writes: "Usually right after my seminar, somebody comes up to me and says: Mr. Rohn, if had one million dollars I would not work even a day in the rest life. That is why God makes so that people, who say such things, never will grow rich. They will pay for that." (Rohn 1996) 3. Family. Some people will make more for their dearest than for themselves. One man set a goal to earn one quarter of a million a year in order to organise a world tour for his family. The people with so deep feeling of love are very happy. 4. Charity. This is the fourth great motivator.When a great steel magnate Andrew Carnegie died the yellow piece of paper was found in his desk On this narrow piece of the paper, of the time of Carnegies' twenties, there was the main goal of his life written by him: " I am going to spend a first half of my life for saving up money. I want to devote the second half of my life to give out all this money". Carnegie was so inspired with this goal that saved up a private means of 450 million dollars (that is equivalent to 4,5 billion dollars now!) and really, in last period of the life he felt pleasure giving out all this money. (Rohn 1996) Speaking about one of the most important elements of working process, employees admit that compensation itself is not a motivator. The quality of work is a motivator that enkindles enthusiasm. In order to obtain the employee's opinion different interrogations are held in different countries of the world. As the results of new interrogation show, the good wages and safety of work is what people pay attention choosing the employer, but if you want to keep the motivation of employees in your case the work will be the key factor holding them in your company. Last interrogation of the international scale carried out by Investors in People (IiP)/NOP in which 1911 respondent from the Great Britain participated, shown that

Why has the concept of Persian Gulf Security changed in the War on Essay

Why has the concept of Persian Gulf Security changed in the War on Terror - Essay Example But when they did-as in the case of Kuwait with a pre-oil population of perhaps no more than seventy to one hundred thousand, Qatar with no more than forty thousand, and Abu Dhabi with less than twenty-five thousand-they sometimes struck it very, very rich. These three shaykhdoms literally had money to burn, and did. At the same time, they could not escape changing the government, the society, and the economy†.1 From the years of pre-oil discovery to the present post 9/11 years the security issues concerning the Persian Gulf States have undergone a radical and conceptual change in the geo-political reality of the globe. Traversing temporally the issues of regional conflicts and supremacy to issues concerning partnering on either side of the iron curtain divide to support ideological hegemony and expansion; the Persian Gulf States have now emerged as independent, affluent, modernized nation states that are accountable both for their internal security to their own populations a nd responsible for their alleged and tacit cooperation to varying hues of terror activities globallyy as evidenced by the 9/11 and subsequent events in London Bombings. With the drawing down of the iron curtain and emerging globalized world this accountability has been brought to sharper focus than ever before. This essay examines the emerging shape of the Persian Gulf security amongst these countervailing considerations.This paper would traverse the entire gamut of Persian Gulf security right from British control days to the present post WTC and Iraq War policy initiatives of the US. The now popular and actively sought after phrase war on terrorism had its origin in a spate of bunched and planned terrorist activities the world over with the US as the prime target. Examples of such Muslim extremist actions in civilian arena received negative western press in the world trade center and pentagon episode-where Muslim extremist organizations had strategically planned to put pressure on the

Would you expect an increase in a minimum wage to help or hurt Essay Example for Free

Would you expect an increase in a minimum wage to help or hurt Essay Increasing the minimum statutory wage has much far-reaching implications . Research indicate that this has a major impact on the business, employment and labor market. Studies done on its impact show that the increase very probably leads to reduction of employment more so for the young and unskilled who typically get engaged in lower income jobs. So if the increase in minimum wage is not beneficial to the general economy, is it helpful to the labor force it ought to benefit? On a positive note or rather short term the increase will mean that the workers will have an increased disposable income therefore they will be in a position to meet their needs more comfortably than they did before the increase. On the other hand the increase is just minimal therefore it adds very little to the income of the workers in general. This method has been found to be an ineffective tool for poverty reduction due to such negative impacts which mainly affect the people it ought to benefit. (Neumark, D and Wascher, W 1992) An increase in minimum wage forces the employers to respond in certain ways, studies indicate that when minimum wages increase the employers often tend to reduce the fringe benefits for the workers and at the same time reduce trainings for the employees. They embark on a cost cutting measures so as to fill the gap created by the funds which go towards the increment. Such a move will affect the worker as he or she will enjoy less benefits. In a matter of fact they might continue taking home the same amount of money or even less due to reduction or withdrawal of benefits. The cost cutting measures may deny a worker a chance to progress in a career when on job training as a benefit is done away with. On the same note to manage the business spending the employer may even end up reducing the hours of work further reducing the wage. (Neumark, D and Wascher, W 1992) An increase in the minimum statutory wage may be a good thing in the short term, but it has a negative impact to the worker since the employers will have to act in a certain way to ensure that they continue to enjoy the same profits margin as they did before. Reference Neumark, D and Wascher, W (1992) Employment effects of minimum and sub minimum wages: Panel Data on State Wage Laws, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol 46

Cloning Essay -- essays research papers

Should Human Cloning be Legal?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cloning captured the public’s attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. Ever since this spectacular event occurred people have been thinking about the possibility of cloning humans. What would a clone be like? His/her physical appearance would be the same as the person he/she was cloned from, but depending on the society it would be brought up in it’s personality would be totally different. Many people in this decade believe that human cloning should be illegal for many different reasons, but there are many people who think it should be legal. Human cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Strictly speaking embryo cloning is a technique used by researchers and animal breeders to split a single embryo into two or more embryos that will have the exact same genetic information (Wall 1117).† â€Å"The procedures used in cloning human embryos are very similar to the cloning of animal embryos, except for the zona pellucida. The zona pellucida is a protective protein and polysaccharide membrane that covers the internal contents of the embryo, and provides the necessary nutrients for the first several cell divisions that occur within the embryo. Several sperm cells and mature egg cells are gathered from donors at fertility clinics, and are combined in a petri dish using in vitro fertilization procedures to form an embryo. In an alternate process, already produced embryos are gathered from fertility clinics. The acquired embryo is placed in a petri dish and is allowed to develop into a mass of two to eight cells. Next a chem ical solution is added to the zona pellucida that covers the embryo. After the zona pellucida is dissolved, the cells within the embryo are freed. These two to eight cells are collected by researchers and put in separate petri dishes (Hale 83).† â€Å"The cells are then coated with an artificial zona pellucida. The individual cells are then considered new embryos, all of which share the same exact genetic information. In effect at this point the science... ...ugh many of the people we know in our daily lives. Cloning will be a big issue in the future kind of like the way abortion is now. Cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages. Works Consulted â€Å"Should cloning be banned?† Reason Online. January 2000. http://www.reason.com/biclone.html. Fackelmann, K.A. â€Å"Researchers ‘clone’ human embryos.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Science News of the Week, Vol. 144:276. Hale, W.G. The Harper Collins Biology Dictionary. Harper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perennial. New York, New York, 1991:83 Nash, Madeleine. â€Å"The case for cloning.† Time Feb.9, 1998: Vol. 151. No. 5. Wachbroit, Robert. â€Å"Genetic encores: The ethics of human Cloning.† http://www.puaf.umd.edu/ippp/Fall97Report/cloning.htm. Wall, James ed. â€Å"Cloning of embryos stirs ethical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concerns.† Christian Century, November 10, 1993:1117. Watson, Traci. â€Å"Seeking the wonder in a mote of dust.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U.S. News & World Report, October 3, 1994:66 Wilmut, Ian. â€Å"Cloning for Medicine.† Scientific American. December 1998. http://www.sciam.com/1998/1298issue/1298wilmut.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cloning Essay -- essays research papers Should Human Cloning be Legal?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cloning captured the public’s attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. Ever since this spectacular event occurred people have been thinking about the possibility of cloning humans. What would a clone be like? His/her physical appearance would be the same as the person he/she was cloned from, but depending on the society it would be brought up in it’s personality would be totally different. Many people in this decade believe that human cloning should be illegal for many different reasons, but there are many people who think it should be legal. Human cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Strictly speaking embryo cloning is a technique used by researchers and animal breeders to split a single embryo into two or more embryos that will have the exact same genetic information (Wall 1117).† â€Å"The procedures used in cloning human embryos are very similar to the cloning of animal embryos, except for the zona pellucida. The zona pellucida is a protective protein and polysaccharide membrane that covers the internal contents of the embryo, and provides the necessary nutrients for the first several cell divisions that occur within the embryo. Several sperm cells and mature egg cells are gathered from donors at fertility clinics, and are combined in a petri dish using in vitro fertilization procedures to form an embryo. In an alternate process, already produced embryos are gathered from fertility clinics. The acquired embryo is placed in a petri dish and is allowed to develop into a mass of two to eight cells. Next a chem ical solution is added to the zona pellucida that covers the embryo. After the zona pellucida is dissolved, the cells within the embryo are freed. These two to eight cells are collected by researchers and put in separate petri dishes (Hale 83).† â€Å"The cells are then coated with an artificial zona pellucida. The individual cells are then considered new embryos, all of which share the same exact genetic information. In effect at this point the science... ...ugh many of the people we know in our daily lives. Cloning will be a big issue in the future kind of like the way abortion is now. Cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages. Works Consulted â€Å"Should cloning be banned?† Reason Online. January 2000. http://www.reason.com/biclone.html. Fackelmann, K.A. â€Å"Researchers ‘clone’ human embryos.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Science News of the Week, Vol. 144:276. Hale, W.G. The Harper Collins Biology Dictionary. Harper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perennial. New York, New York, 1991:83 Nash, Madeleine. â€Å"The case for cloning.† Time Feb.9, 1998: Vol. 151. No. 5. Wachbroit, Robert. â€Å"Genetic encores: The ethics of human Cloning.† http://www.puaf.umd.edu/ippp/Fall97Report/cloning.htm. Wall, James ed. â€Å"Cloning of embryos stirs ethical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concerns.† Christian Century, November 10, 1993:1117. Watson, Traci. â€Å"Seeking the wonder in a mote of dust.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U.S. News & World Report, October 3, 1994:66 Wilmut, Ian. â€Å"Cloning for Medicine.† Scientific American. December 1998. http://www.sciam.com/1998/1298issue/1298wilmut.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Creative industries Essay

The creative industries are those that take traditional creative talents in design, performance, production and writing, and merge these with media production and distribution techniques and new interactive technologies (for customization) in order to create and share out creative content all through the service sector of the new economy. The form of production is ‘Hollywood’ not ‘Detroit’ – project-based and innovative, relatively than industrial and standardized. It is distinguished by networks and partnerships. Consumers have given means to users – interactive partners in further development of the creative product. The creative industries give content products for the new knowledge economy. It is here that the main social and consumer impact of new interactive media technologies is felt, as people are much more involved in content than in technologies as such. The appeal lies in the story, view, song or speech, not in the carrier mechanism. This is increasingly true where the prospective for distribution of creative content via the Internet and other new interactive communication forms is being realized. Additionally, audiences increasingly anticipate high-tech content, interactivity and customization in traditional arts, media and entertainment industries. In this context, creative content is not restricted to leisure and entertainment products, but expands to commercial enterprises generally. As the new interactive media technologies develop from b2b to b2c applications, creative content will be the fundamental requirement, whether the application is for a bank, an educational institution or an entertainment provider, or whether the user is in ‘ sit up ‘ or ‘ sit back ‘ mode. Previously distinctive industries have rapidly incorporated. Advances in technology and increases in system performance have formed a fertile environment for the incubation and growth of new sectors and the prospect for existing disciplines to find new commercial applications. For example, animation and creative writing both found new application in the growth of computer games, which themselves have developed from one-person to interactive games, with several players, via the Internet. The inspiration of the ‘intangible’ sector relies more than ever on creativity, style and risk-taking imagination – on creative enterprises feeding continuously updated new content into technologically advanced knowledge-based industries. But content providers no longer require being located in metropolitan centers or one of the many ‘silicon valleys’ in order to play a global role. â€Å"The creative industries are the key new growth sector of the economy, both nationally and globally, and thus, against a background of manufacturing sector decline, they are the key source of future employment growth and export earnings† . Music, animatronics, design, publishing, interactive media, e-commerce and entertainment are all cottage industries on the creative or supply side, relying on small/medium enterprises (SMEs) and freelance creative talent working through short-lived projects. The requirement in this context is for interdisciplinary clusters, flexible and extremely porous teams, and creative enterprises to a certain extent than large-scale vertically integrated industries. The creative industries are a considerable sector of the global economy.

One Flesh Notes Essay - 852 Words

One Flesh by Elizabeth Jennings Lying apart now, each in a separate bed, He with a book, keeping the light on late, She like a girl dreaming of childhood, All men elsewhere - it is as if they wait Some new event: the book he holds unread, Her eyes fixed on the shadows overhead. Tossed up like flotsam from a former passion, How cool they lie. They hardly ever touch, Or if they do, it is like a confession Of having little feeling - or too much. Chastity faces them, a destination For which their whole lives were a preparation. Strangely apart, yet strangely close together, Silence between them like a thread to hold And not wind in. And time itselfs a feather Touching them gently. Do they know theyre old,†¦show more content†¦Physically not wanting a physical relationship * â€Å"Lying apart now, each in a separate bed† the comma in between the two statement used to emphasize the â€Å"each in a separate bed† to show that they find it uncomfortable to sleep together to share the more physical side of love. â€Å"Now† meaning they once did. * He with a book, keeping the light on late amp; â€Å"she like a girl dreaming of childhood, All men elsewhere† I. Shows that they are trying to show each other how they are preoccupied so that they will not have a reason to talk to each other. II. The comma after â€Å"book† adds emphasis to keeping the light on late which shows his ignorance of her need to sleep, showing his lack of consideration for her physical comfort. Mentally not needing a physical relationship * â€Å"She like a girl dreaming of childhood, all men elsewhere† the woman dreams of her child hood all men elsewhere showing that even in her thoughts the physical side of a relationship isn’t present. * â€Å"Like a confession of how little feeling† they have lost the mental drive for a physical relationship and when they touch it is as to say sorry, â€Å"confession† giving the impression of anShow MoreRelated Conflict between Good and Evil in Bradstreet’s The Flesh and the Spirit1355 Words   |  6 PagesConflict between Good and Evil in Bradstreet’s The Flesh and the Spirit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      A colonial Puritan minister, Thomas Shepard, nicely summarized the paradox of the Puritan religion when he noted that â€Å"The greatest part of Christian grace lies in mourning the want of it.†Ã‚   Shepard suggests, in this passage, that good Christians should spend their days, indeed their entire lives, exploring and proclaiming their own depravity and sinfulness, their â€Å"want† of Christian grace.   Paradoxically, onlyRead MoreMagical Thinking Case Study1469 Words   |  6 Pagesmagical contagion. 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