Would you expect an increase in a minimum wage to help or hurt Essay Example for Free

Would you expect an increase in a minimum wage to help or hurt Essay Increasing the minimum statutory wage has much far-reaching implications . Research indicate that this has a major impact on the business, employment and labor market. Studies done on its impact show that the increase very probably leads to reduction of employment more so for the young and unskilled who typically get engaged in lower income jobs. So if the increase in minimum wage is not beneficial to the general economy, is it helpful to the labor force it ought to benefit? On a positive note or rather short term the increase will mean that the workers will have an increased disposable income therefore they will be in a position to meet their needs more comfortably than they did before the increase. On the other hand the increase is just minimal therefore it adds very little to the income of the workers in general. This method has been found to be an ineffective tool for poverty reduction due to such negative impacts which mainly affect the people it ought to benefit. (Neumark, D and Wascher, W 1992) An increase in minimum wage forces the employers to respond in certain ways, studies indicate that when minimum wages increase the employers often tend to reduce the fringe benefits for the workers and at the same time reduce trainings for the employees. They embark on a cost cutting measures so as to fill the gap created by the funds which go towards the increment. Such a move will affect the worker as he or she will enjoy less benefits. In a matter of fact they might continue taking home the same amount of money or even less due to reduction or withdrawal of benefits. The cost cutting measures may deny a worker a chance to progress in a career when on job training as a benefit is done away with. On the same note to manage the business spending the employer may even end up reducing the hours of work further reducing the wage. (Neumark, D and Wascher, W 1992) An increase in the minimum statutory wage may be a good thing in the short term, but it has a negative impact to the worker since the employers will have to act in a certain way to ensure that they continue to enjoy the same profits margin as they did before. Reference Neumark, D and Wascher, W (1992) Employment effects of minimum and sub minimum wages: Panel Data on State Wage Laws, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol 46

Cloning Essay -- essays research papers

Should Human Cloning be Legal?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cloning captured the public’s attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. Ever since this spectacular event occurred people have been thinking about the possibility of cloning humans. What would a clone be like? His/her physical appearance would be the same as the person he/she was cloned from, but depending on the society it would be brought up in it’s personality would be totally different. Many people in this decade believe that human cloning should be illegal for many different reasons, but there are many people who think it should be legal. Human cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Strictly speaking embryo cloning is a technique used by researchers and animal breeders to split a single embryo into two or more embryos that will have the exact same genetic information (Wall 1117).† â€Å"The procedures used in cloning human embryos are very similar to the cloning of animal embryos, except for the zona pellucida. The zona pellucida is a protective protein and polysaccharide membrane that covers the internal contents of the embryo, and provides the necessary nutrients for the first several cell divisions that occur within the embryo. Several sperm cells and mature egg cells are gathered from donors at fertility clinics, and are combined in a petri dish using in vitro fertilization procedures to form an embryo. In an alternate process, already produced embryos are gathered from fertility clinics. The acquired embryo is placed in a petri dish and is allowed to develop into a mass of two to eight cells. Next a chem ical solution is added to the zona pellucida that covers the embryo. After the zona pellucida is dissolved, the cells within the embryo are freed. These two to eight cells are collected by researchers and put in separate petri dishes (Hale 83).† â€Å"The cells are then coated with an artificial zona pellucida. The individual cells are then considered new embryos, all of which share the same exact genetic information. In effect at this point the science... ...ugh many of the people we know in our daily lives. Cloning will be a big issue in the future kind of like the way abortion is now. Cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages. Works Consulted â€Å"Should cloning be banned?† Reason Online. January 2000. http://www.reason.com/biclone.html. Fackelmann, K.A. â€Å"Researchers ‘clone’ human embryos.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Science News of the Week, Vol. 144:276. Hale, W.G. The Harper Collins Biology Dictionary. Harper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perennial. New York, New York, 1991:83 Nash, Madeleine. â€Å"The case for cloning.† Time Feb.9, 1998: Vol. 151. No. 5. Wachbroit, Robert. â€Å"Genetic encores: The ethics of human Cloning.† http://www.puaf.umd.edu/ippp/Fall97Report/cloning.htm. Wall, James ed. â€Å"Cloning of embryos stirs ethical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concerns.† Christian Century, November 10, 1993:1117. Watson, Traci. â€Å"Seeking the wonder in a mote of dust.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U.S. News & World Report, October 3, 1994:66 Wilmut, Ian. â€Å"Cloning for Medicine.† Scientific American. December 1998. http://www.sciam.com/1998/1298issue/1298wilmut.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cloning Essay -- essays research papers Should Human Cloning be Legal?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cloning captured the public’s attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. Ever since this spectacular event occurred people have been thinking about the possibility of cloning humans. What would a clone be like? His/her physical appearance would be the same as the person he/she was cloned from, but depending on the society it would be brought up in it’s personality would be totally different. Many people in this decade believe that human cloning should be illegal for many different reasons, but there are many people who think it should be legal. Human cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Strictly speaking embryo cloning is a technique used by researchers and animal breeders to split a single embryo into two or more embryos that will have the exact same genetic information (Wall 1117).† â€Å"The procedures used in cloning human embryos are very similar to the cloning of animal embryos, except for the zona pellucida. The zona pellucida is a protective protein and polysaccharide membrane that covers the internal contents of the embryo, and provides the necessary nutrients for the first several cell divisions that occur within the embryo. Several sperm cells and mature egg cells are gathered from donors at fertility clinics, and are combined in a petri dish using in vitro fertilization procedures to form an embryo. In an alternate process, already produced embryos are gathered from fertility clinics. The acquired embryo is placed in a petri dish and is allowed to develop into a mass of two to eight cells. Next a chem ical solution is added to the zona pellucida that covers the embryo. After the zona pellucida is dissolved, the cells within the embryo are freed. These two to eight cells are collected by researchers and put in separate petri dishes (Hale 83).† â€Å"The cells are then coated with an artificial zona pellucida. The individual cells are then considered new embryos, all of which share the same exact genetic information. In effect at this point the science... ...ugh many of the people we know in our daily lives. Cloning will be a big issue in the future kind of like the way abortion is now. Cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages. Works Consulted â€Å"Should cloning be banned?† Reason Online. January 2000. http://www.reason.com/biclone.html. Fackelmann, K.A. â€Å"Researchers ‘clone’ human embryos.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Science News of the Week, Vol. 144:276. Hale, W.G. The Harper Collins Biology Dictionary. Harper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perennial. New York, New York, 1991:83 Nash, Madeleine. â€Å"The case for cloning.† Time Feb.9, 1998: Vol. 151. No. 5. Wachbroit, Robert. â€Å"Genetic encores: The ethics of human Cloning.† http://www.puaf.umd.edu/ippp/Fall97Report/cloning.htm. Wall, James ed. â€Å"Cloning of embryos stirs ethical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concerns.† Christian Century, November 10, 1993:1117. Watson, Traci. â€Å"Seeking the wonder in a mote of dust.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U.S. News & World Report, October 3, 1994:66 Wilmut, Ian. â€Å"Cloning for Medicine.† Scientific American. December 1998. http://www.sciam.com/1998/1298issue/1298wilmut.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Creative industries Essay

The creative industries are those that take traditional creative talents in design, performance, production and writing, and merge these with media production and distribution techniques and new interactive technologies (for customization) in order to create and share out creative content all through the service sector of the new economy. The form of production is ‘Hollywood’ not ‘Detroit’ – project-based and innovative, relatively than industrial and standardized. It is distinguished by networks and partnerships. Consumers have given means to users – interactive partners in further development of the creative product. The creative industries give content products for the new knowledge economy. It is here that the main social and consumer impact of new interactive media technologies is felt, as people are much more involved in content than in technologies as such. The appeal lies in the story, view, song or speech, not in the carrier mechanism. This is increasingly true where the prospective for distribution of creative content via the Internet and other new interactive communication forms is being realized. Additionally, audiences increasingly anticipate high-tech content, interactivity and customization in traditional arts, media and entertainment industries. In this context, creative content is not restricted to leisure and entertainment products, but expands to commercial enterprises generally. As the new interactive media technologies develop from b2b to b2c applications, creative content will be the fundamental requirement, whether the application is for a bank, an educational institution or an entertainment provider, or whether the user is in ‘ sit up ‘ or ‘ sit back ‘ mode. Previously distinctive industries have rapidly incorporated. Advances in technology and increases in system performance have formed a fertile environment for the incubation and growth of new sectors and the prospect for existing disciplines to find new commercial applications. For example, animation and creative writing both found new application in the growth of computer games, which themselves have developed from one-person to interactive games, with several players, via the Internet. The inspiration of the ‘intangible’ sector relies more than ever on creativity, style and risk-taking imagination – on creative enterprises feeding continuously updated new content into technologically advanced knowledge-based industries. But content providers no longer require being located in metropolitan centers or one of the many ‘silicon valleys’ in order to play a global role. â€Å"The creative industries are the key new growth sector of the economy, both nationally and globally, and thus, against a background of manufacturing sector decline, they are the key source of future employment growth and export earnings† . Music, animatronics, design, publishing, interactive media, e-commerce and entertainment are all cottage industries on the creative or supply side, relying on small/medium enterprises (SMEs) and freelance creative talent working through short-lived projects. The requirement in this context is for interdisciplinary clusters, flexible and extremely porous teams, and creative enterprises to a certain extent than large-scale vertically integrated industries. The creative industries are a considerable sector of the global economy.

One Flesh Notes Essay - 852 Words

One Flesh by Elizabeth Jennings Lying apart now, each in a separate bed, He with a book, keeping the light on late, She like a girl dreaming of childhood, All men elsewhere - it is as if they wait Some new event: the book he holds unread, Her eyes fixed on the shadows overhead. Tossed up like flotsam from a former passion, How cool they lie. They hardly ever touch, Or if they do, it is like a confession Of having little feeling - or too much. Chastity faces them, a destination For which their whole lives were a preparation. Strangely apart, yet strangely close together, Silence between them like a thread to hold And not wind in. And time itselfs a feather Touching them gently. Do they know theyre old,†¦show more content†¦Physically not wanting a physical relationship * â€Å"Lying apart now, each in a separate bed† the comma in between the two statement used to emphasize the â€Å"each in a separate bed† to show that they find it uncomfortable to sleep together to share the more physical side of love. â€Å"Now† meaning they once did. * He with a book, keeping the light on late amp; â€Å"she like a girl dreaming of childhood, All men elsewhere† I. Shows that they are trying to show each other how they are preoccupied so that they will not have a reason to talk to each other. II. The comma after â€Å"book† adds emphasis to keeping the light on late which shows his ignorance of her need to sleep, showing his lack of consideration for her physical comfort. Mentally not needing a physical relationship * â€Å"She like a girl dreaming of childhood, all men elsewhere† the woman dreams of her child hood all men elsewhere showing that even in her thoughts the physical side of a relationship isn’t present. * â€Å"Like a confession of how little feeling† they have lost the mental drive for a physical relationship and when they touch it is as to say sorry, â€Å"confession† giving the impression of anShow MoreRelated Conflict between Good and Evil in Bradstreet’s The Flesh and the Spirit1355 Words   |  6 PagesConflict between Good and Evil in Bradstreet’s The Flesh and the Spirit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      A colonial Puritan minister, Thomas Shepard, nicely summarized the paradox of the Puritan religion when he noted that â€Å"The greatest part of Christian grace lies in mourning the want of it.†Ã‚   Shepard suggests, in this passage, that good Christians should spend their days, indeed their entire lives, exploring and proclaiming their own depravity and sinfulness, their â€Å"want† of Christian grace.   Paradoxically, onlyRead MoreMagical Thinking Case Study1469 Words   |  6 Pagesmagical contagion. Two things are essential to the idea of magical contagion: that some sort of physical contact occurs, and that there is an â€Å"essence† transmitted . The â€Å"essence† that gets transmitted via physical contact is what makes an object of note pure or impure. Essence is the idea that an object has properties that are not immediately visible . For example: if a sandwich were to be dropped on the floor, and someone were to pick it up and continue to eat it, not only would the sandwich be seenRead MoreJoseph Of The Holy Ghost1229 Words   |  5 Pageshusband of Mary, which makes Joseph legally the father of Jesus. It is not the flesh, nor the blood that makes Jesus legally heir and gives Him the right to the throne of David, but being a son through Joseph s marriage does. That is why we find in Luke 2:41,48 where Joseph is called one of Christ s parents and also the father. Mary was a virgin to whom was born Christ. Nowhere do we read that Christ received blood or flesh from Mary, but we do read that Mary gave Christ a physical birth. We areRead MoreRelationship Between Incarnation And Atonement Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesdoctrine of incarnation simply means the second person of the trinity becoming flesh; whereby God the son incarnated to human nature (Erickson 102). God the son laid aside His divine attributes and took on a human nature in order to redeem humanity. According to the Christian doctrine, the word of God became flesh, and after becoming flesh, he saved us from the snares of the world. Jesus who is the son of God became flesh and he died to save the world from sin as well as reconciled all people withRead MoreHow Can We Pray For Our Enemies?949 Words   |   4 Pagesso it is a hard pill for us to swallow when they do. Flesh versus spirit By nature we are sinful creatures and have to battle against the flesh. Our flesh is naturally selfish. Even the most giving people battle with selfishness. According to Matthew Henry’s Commentary, â€Å"Note, If we should approve ourselves to be Christ’s, such as are united to him and interested in him, we must make it our constant care and business to crucify the flesh with its corrupt affections and lusts. Christ will neverRead MoreLife of Pi Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesuses the protagonist Pi to demonstrate how faith, ritual and one’s will to live save one from the barbaric and carnivorous reality. Pi Patel, lover of faith and various gods and their beliefs loses his family after a shipwreck and drifts on the Pacific Ocean with a zebra, hyena, orangutan and a tiger, Richard Parker each struggling in their own way to survive. Yann Martel uses the protagonist Pi to claim that one retains his or her survival will through writing. Martel includes the fact that PiRead MorePuritanism And Its Negative Portrayal Of The Body1641 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Literature and it still is to this day. Puritans have shaped our culture immensely with their art that represents their beliefs so clearly. One of the most fascinating things we have come to learn about the Puritans is the constant battle they faced each day. Puritans struggled to stay true to their religion due to everyday temptations. One of the biggest temptations would be The Body. We can identify this by analyzing Puritanism philosophies, their biblical view of the Body, how they wereRead MoreThe way to Rainy Mountain Essay610 Words   |  3 PagesMountain by N. Scott Momaday: Great green and yellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up like corn to sting the flesh, and tortoises crawl about on the red earth, going nowhere in plenty of time. Loneliness is an aspect of the land. All things in the plain are isolated; there is no confusion of objects in the eye, but one hill or one tree or one man. To look upon that landscape in the early morning, with the sun at your back, is to lose the sense of proportion. Your imaginationRead MoreThe Incarnation Of God By John Clark And Marcus Johnson Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review- The Incarnation of God God become man, one of the profound mysteries of the Gospel and the Christian faith, is evidenced and affirmed throughout Scripture, yet it all too often is neglected in modern Christian thought and practice. In the work, The Incarnation of God, John Clark and Marcus Johnson do just the opposite. They bring the truth from scripture to robustly discuss a theology of the incarnation of God. Throughout their discussion, it becomes evident that the book strives toRead MoreBreaking Toxic Relational Ties At The Years1228 Words   |  5 Pagesare keeping them tied to specific areas of bondage. NOTE: make sure nothing copied from online articles and/or Ransomed Heart In order for freedom to . . . This is necessary for those where certain key areas of bondage have a connection to a significant relationship in the person’s life. The Scriptures do not use the term relational tie (often called a soul tie), but the principles of people being ‘knit together’ and ‘two becoming one flesh’ is taught in the Word. These relational ties are intended

Persistent Discrimination by Race and Gender - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1171 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Discrimination Essay Gender Discrimination Essay Did you like this example? Since the Founding of the United States, white men have enjoyed the privileges that come with obtaining a job and the wealth generated from it. After more than two-centuries later, the workforce has grown and changed significantly. White men are no longer the majority group represented in the workforce. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Persistent Discrimination by Race and Gender" essay for you Create order With the addition of women and other racial minority groups, every group is now participating in the workforce. However, not everyone is treated equally despite the implementation of the Civil Rights Act which is supposed to outlaw discrimination in the workplace. Although the workforce is now incredibly diverse, White men still reap most of the rewards, accumulating more wealth than anyone other ethnic group, including women, with the exception of Asian men. So why has discrimination not been eliminated from the workforce? It is in part due to many factors including racial discrimination and stereotypes against minorities in the hiring process, better employment opportunities for whites for higher wage jobs, and the culture of the workplace. The data provided by the U.S. BLS, shows a very distinguishable racial inequality when it comes to the incomes of different races in our country. Non-Hispanic Whites have a much lower unemployment rate compared to Black or Latino Americans, especially when considering white people have half the unemployment rate than that of black people (26). Historically, as weve read in our chapters, wages and unemployment for white Americans have been higher and lower, respectively, when compared to other racial categories with White men having the highest of any group. This is due to many factors including racial discrimination against minorities in the hiring process and better employment opportunities for whites for higher wage jobs. As we read about Julies case in Two Views on Inequality and Discrimination, when she thought about applying for a job, she knew that because of where she lived, in Harlem, that her chances of getting that job were slim because places dont want to hire people from Harlem, a very populated neighborhood in New York where people of color, especially black Americans, reside. The many charts found in Labor Market Inequality by the Numbers, show the differences between the incomes of the different racial groups from a previous year to the most recent year the book has information on. I think what is important to remember is how little the purchasing power wages have increased since the federal minimum age 1st came into effect, peaking in 1968 (13). Since we know from reading the book that the purchasing power of wages now are actually less than back then, the people making the least are hurting the most. Generally, these lower wages stem from service jobs which are held by a lot of people of color whereas more whites have access to higher paying jobs in office and managerial positions (30). This would give at least one example as to how to interpret the data from the BLS, seeing as how white men earn more money than any other group due to the acces s to better employment opportunities than women and people of color. Whites are also more represented in white collar jobs while Blacks and Hispanics are more represented in the low-wage jobs, which are shrinking due to a changing economy and advances in technology, on top of the fact that there are a lot of people already working low-wage jobs (28-29). In many instances, applicants who are not white males have already been prejudged before they get an interview. In one example, the authors explain that institutional interactions, including perception, choice, as well as socialization can help us understand the difficulties of escaping stereotypes and biases (174). This is because we as a society have been and still are very segregated which has affected the housing market where whites moved to the suburbs and job growth followed, leaving many blacks stuck in the inner cities with few opportunities (174). Schools in the inner cities simply could not provide equal educational opportunities so access to college was very much limited. All of this created a cycle that has reinforced stereotypes about blacks. Another example describes job discrimination which reduces the reward from obtaining an education, which then minorities and women may feel less inclined to get educated or may choose a completely different route that doesnt lead to the high paying jobs that white men currently occupy (172). This brings to light the issue that lower incomes of women and minorities, compared to white men, may not actually be because of educational or other choices, but because of job discrimination in and of itself. Because the market allows for it, consumers, businesses, or workers can discriminate based on race, gender, or sexuality where anyone can claim it is based on economic decisions (77). This is because products can be produced that geared towards a specific target market, or demographic. Other reasons why market magic isnt eliminating discrimination have to do with the culture of a company and society. For example, jobs that have traditionally been held by men, such as construction and engineering, still contain an intense stigma that these are manly jobs that women should steer away from (Breaking Down Gender Bias in the Construction Industry GreenBuildingAdvisor, 2017). But the stigma doesnt stem from these jobs, it stems from society which has conditioned men and women to fulfill strict gender roles (Breaking Down Gender Bias in the Construction Industry GreenBuildingAdvisor, 2017). The only reason why markets may not eliminate discrimination in the workplace is by not including a diverse workforce. When a company that hires a significantly higher proportion of a specific gender or race, the company culture lacks a sense of inclusion and instead projects an exclusion to other people and increases stigmas by enforcing stereotypes (Breaking Down Gender Bias in the Construction Industry GreenBuildingAdvisor, 2017). Thats not to say that the company or the workers themselves hold those beliefs because I doubt that is their intention. But to an outsider, it may appear very discouraging. In conclusion, although the United States has taken serious legal action against discrimination in the workforce, the fact of the matter still remains, discrimination still exists because it is allowed to in other forms. Whether it is a mother from Harlem who cant get a job because of the stereotype of her neighborhood, the historical exodus of whites to the suburbs that brought with them jobs and stripping the inner cities of opportunity, businesses targeting specific demographics to sell products while claiming it is purely economics, or the set of strict gender roles that have conditioned workers to look down upon women entering traditionally male dominated jobs as well as men entering traditionally female dominated jobs. It is important to understand, as members of society, that just because discrimination is illegal, does not mean that we have eliminated it from our culture completely. References Albelda, R., Drago, R. (2013). Unlevel playing fields (4th ed., pp. 26, 13, 30, 28, 29, 174, 172, 77). Boston, Mass.: Economic Affairs Bureau. Breaking Down Gender Bias in the Construction Industry Green Building Advisor. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/article/breaking-down-gender-bias-in-the-construction-industry

Yaloms Perspective of Existential Therapy Essay - 1094 Words

Yaloms Perspective of Existential Therapy Existential therapy through the eyes of Dr. Yalom is very fascinating. There is never a fixed life that each person is supposed to live. In his therapy the clients are allowed to find out for themselves what it is they need by receiving adequate questioning from Dr. Yalom. His questioning guides them down the existential path to freedom and responsibility. If we affirm life and live in the present as fully as possible, however, we will not be obsessed with the end of life(Corey p.153). This is the way of thinking for the existential theorist when it comes to patients who deal with death anxiety. Dr. Yalom dealt with this issue when he did a study on bereavement. He put an ad in the†¦show more content†¦She told him that she never actually let herself believe that her daughter was going to die, even though it was as plain as day. And because of that, she never dealt with the real issues with her daughter. After several meetings Penny was finally able to see her own li fe and how this guilt she had was causing problems for the rest of the family. She had two sons. After finding out that neither of them lived at home, Dr. Yalom asked how Penny felt about it. This opened up doors for Penny and allowed her to take responsibility for the things in life that she could control. In the end, she had a good understanding of death and therefore was able to live life more fully by getting both kids back into the home and rejoining the family. Freedom and responsibility go hand in hand. We are put in certain situations that we have no control over, but we also have a choice in that situation as to what direction we are going to go. The ability to make that choice is freedom and going in the right direction, the one that benefits humanity and us is the responsible choice. This topic brings us to the chapter Fat Lady. In this chapter Dr. Yalom treats a woman by the name of Betty. This woman walked into his office for the first time weighing 250 lbs. She was not only overweight, but she was very depressed as well. This was a hard case for Dr. Yalom because he had neverShow MoreRelatedEssay about Reflection on Love’s Executioner1694 Words   |  7 Pagessuicide, I think I may be intimidated not only by her demands, but by the twenty years of therapy she had before seeking treatment. Thelma, hesitantly, decides on giving therapy one last try as she cannot seem to move passed on being obsessed over Matthew. (Yalom, 2000) Yalom states his goals of therapy and what she can expect. He tells her that its not going to be easy and that its will take dedication in therapy to get her to realize that her obsession is based on the power she has given to MatthewRead MoreExistentialist Therapy : Moderating Life s Journey1752 Words   |  8 Pages Existentialist Therapy: Moderating Life’s Journey Sara Schaedel National Louis University Existentialist Therapy: Moderating Life’s Journey â€Å"Man is nothing else but that which he makes of himself.† (1957, p. 1) Jean-Paul Sartre, one of the original existentialist philosophers inspired scholars like Viktor Frankl to develop a therapeutic form of counseling that facilitates cooperatively helping clients discover their true purpose in life to find meaning. â€Å"Everything can be taken fromRead MoreAnalysis Of Irvin Yalom s The Gift Of Therapy980 Words   |  4 Pages The readings this week in Irvin Yalom’s â€Å"The Gift of Therapy† were extremely relevant to me for a few reasons. For one, reading about the difficulties of talking about death and dying is such a realistic concern, especially for those of us who are just starting out in the helping process. What was really impactful for me concerning the readings was that this week my boyfriend’s grandmother passed away. I was so taken aback and hardly knew what to say. Naturally, I expressed how I could not imagineRead More Loves Executioner, by Irvin D. Yalom Essay2089 Words   |  9 Pagessuicide, I think I may be intimidated not only by her demands, but by the twenty years of therapy she had before seeking treatment. Thelma, hesitantly, decides on giving therapy one last try as she cannot seem to move passed on being obsessed over Matthew. (Yalom, 2000) Yalom states his goals of therapy and what she can expect. He tells her that it is not going to be easy and that its wil l take dedication in therapy to get her to realize that her obsession is based on the power she has given to MatthewRead MoreExistential Humanistic Counselling, And The Role Of Bracketing2269 Words   |  10 PagesThe Phenomenological Focus of Existential-Humanistic Counselling, and the Role of Bracketing A phenomenological focus in existential counselling relates to the degree in which a therapist attempts to stay with the lived experiences of the client (Spinelli, 1989). The phenomenological method, as explained by Spinelli (1989), has a foundation of three main rules to guide the therapist. The first rule of ‘epoche’, recommends putting aside any prejudices and biases, as well as expectations or pre-conceivedRead MoreLoves Executioner and Other Tales of Psychotherapy2265 Words   |  10 Pagescould get back together. She has been obsessed about it, and even though she has seen other doctors before Dr. Yalom, this is the first time she is talking about Mathew to somebody else. Thelma Hilton seeks therapy once again after a failed suicide attempt and almost twenty years of therapy without any satisfactory results for her severe depression, with an underlying condition for the last eight years, of obsessive compulsive behavior towards her â€Å"relationship with one of her therapists name Mathew

School of Health and Social Care

Question: Case Study 1: Sally is a 42-year-old female who presents to her GP with complaints of tingling and numbness in her left foot, 18 months later she also complained of double vision. Consultation with a neurologist at that time results in a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. She is placed on disease-modulating medication and educated about lifestyle changes to avoid fatigue, which manages her double vision, with the exception of long workdays. The GP refers her to a vision specialist for management of the impairment of double vision that interferes with activities and participation in her job as an account executive. The GP has also requested the assistive technology specialist to provide information and education about other assistive devices that are available should she develop additional impairments. A vision specialist recommends an eye patch for use when warranted and suggests she stay in touch with the assistive technology specialist should other problems arise. Two years later, Sally returns to her GP with complaints of weakness and numbness in her right side (upper and lower body). These new impairments interfere with her ability to drive to and from work and chauffeur her children to soccer and other after-school activities. Her function at work has been greatly compromised as well. She is experiencing difficulty with typing, maneuvering around the building, holding her lunch tray, and performing other activities of daily living. She is referred to the Occupation Therapist for an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) for the right foot and a cane to improve her mobility, and she is also referred to the Assistive Technology Specialist for consideration of alternate input methods for the keyboard. A keyboard was chosen that covered a larger surface with large black letters surrounded by a yellow background. Both specialists worked together to identify other aids to facilitate additional activities, such as Sally's personal care activities using a dressing stick and toothbrush handles; cooking using kitchen aids, including jar openers, recipe card holders, and large-handled pots and pans; and gardening using adapted gardening tools. The GP refers her to a driver's trainer specialist to adapt her vehicle with a spinner knob and left foot accelerator and to train her in this new way of driving. At this time, the GP also referred her to a social worker for support and counseling regarding her finances, work, and personal life decisions. Throughout the previous 4 years, Sally's family has noticed changes in her memory function. After the psychologist completes a cognitive evaluation and identifies strengths and weaknesses, Sally is provided a hand-held personal digital assistant (PDA), called the "PocketCoach," to aid in her memory skills. This device enables her to push a single button to remember "what to do next." It assists her to remember to complete task activities and to manage important aspects of her healthcare, such as taking medications and nutritional supplements. Task 1 - Essay 1.1 Explain how technology can be used to support users of health and social care services in living independently. 1.2 Analyse barriers to the use of technology to support users of health and social care services in living independently. 1.3 Explain the benefits of these technologies to health and social care organisations and their users. Task 2 - Essay 2.1 Explain health and safety considerations in the use of technologies in health and social care. 2.2 Discuss ethical considerations in the use of assistive technologies. 2.3 Explain the impact of recent and emerging technological developments on health and social care services, organisations and care workers. Task 3: Mini Report Case Study 2: Maggie is a 62 year old lady who has early onset dementia. She recently lost her husband. She is an extremely active lady who goes out on a number of occasions each day. She is disorientated to the day and time. Her family has significant concerns that Maggie is leaving her home at night and reports from her neighbour confirm this. A fortnight ago her daughter, Lisa paid her a visit and she found water flowing out of her door. When she pressed the door bell there was no answer because Maggie was not home. On occasions homecare arrive early in the morning and Maggie is already out which means she can miss taking her medication and is skipping meals. A risk assessment highlighted an unknown prevalence of Maggie leaving her home. 3.1 Identify Maggies specific needs for support to live independently. 3.2 Recommend appropriate assistive devices in order to support Maggie to continue living independently. 3.3 Evaluate the usefulness of technology for users of health and social care services. Answers: Task 1 1.1 A system that helps a person to carry tasks that are otherwise impossible to carry out by them and also increments the safety and the ease of the tasks is the basis of assistive technology in health and social care services. The assistive technology are an extra help to the individuals with disabilities and helps them live their lives independently at home or somewhere outside. The assistive technology provides safety at home as they come with smoke, gas, temperature and flood detectors. The technologies also help in controlling a lot of work like switching the fan, operating the door etc. all from a single remote controls. Like in the case study Sally was provided some aids like dressing stick and toothbrush handles; cooking using kitchen aids, and large-handled pots and pans to carry out the daily activities at home. These ease the life of people living at home (Easterbrook, 1999). They also help in providing health and personal safety. Like in the case study of Sally the visio n specialist gave her an eye patch so as to correct the eye impairment and improve her health. Sally was provided with an AFO to safeguard and to relief her foot pain. In some disease like epilepsy these technology helps a person from falling and getting lost. The assistive technology also supports communication in the disabled people by means of phones so as to call someone in case of emergencies (Lothian Philp, 2001). They also help in social care by using technologies that gives prompts and reminders that are audio visual. They are generally clock calendars, memos, medicine reminders etc. Like in the case study Sally was provided a Pocket coach so as to help her to remind her about her work, meetings and activities that are to be carried by her. In the case study mainly assistive technology that are used by Sally like pocket coach, AFO, eye patch, helping aids at home etc. are all providing independence to her and her prescribed by GP on her wish only that is by her autonomy onl y (Brownsell, et al, 2003). 1.2 There are some barriers to the use of assistive technology in health and social care services. First is the services are provided by some institutions and organizations, in these there is less support and training staff, low support by staff, inadequate assessment, investments at low levels, difficult and unorganized managing and planning and time constraint. Second barrier is unawareness and low knowledge level about the assistive technology products among the people (Brooks, 1991). The patients family, friends and other significant ones are unaware about the assistive devices and are more afraid to adapt a new lifestyle in patient lives. Third barrier is difficulty in operating the assistive technology by the illiterate and older people. They face a lot of difficulty in operating these technologies. Fourth is these technologies are generally developed on individual basis and are developed for a specific individual after the assessment process is completed. So a lot of time is n eeded after assessment to make up the assistive device, in a way they are not provided immediately to help the individuals disabilities but are provided after some time which act as a barrier of time (Hammel, Lai, Heller, 2001). Fifth is they lack the communication, the emotional support and the attachment feeling, even after helping the disability people a lot they lack in providing the emotional touch and the feeling that can only ne fulfilled by communicating to someone. Sixth is these assistive technologies lack funding support from the governmen (Doughty, Burton, 2002) The government is providing little amount of funds so as to lead the research and the development of new assistive products. Hence further new products are finding a difficult way to emerge and provide help in health and social care services. 1.3 The benefits of assistive technology in health and social care organizations are underlined as follows: They provide independence to the people who are unable to work on their own and perform daily activities (Myatt, ED and Rogers, 2001). They help in daily day to day activities of cooking, having foods, opening or switching of electronics and personal gadgets etc. It ensures safety to all the individuals who are using the devices at home or in a health and social care organization. It reduces the falls and accidents that are caused at home. It detects a fall beforehand and provide an alert to the individual so as to prevent from the fall. It decreases the risks of acute hospitalization. The people are safe when using these devices so risks of major accidents is minimized and so the hospitalization is also minimized. It reduced the need for nursing car (Barlow Venables, 2003). The devices helps in daily activities so the care that is to be provided by a nurse is reduced to a certain level. It also help the ones who wish to die at their home and with dignity. In health and social care centers like hospitals it helps to provide alert alarms so as to help the patient to detect their location, provide alerts like flood detectors. It also provides preventive services to the individuals Shone (Stickel, Ryan, Rigby Jutai, 2002). It improves the quality of life as it supports independent living in the disables individuals. It helps to provide assistant to the patients who are suffering from major disease, Alzihmers disease, Parkinsons disease, Dementia, Multiple sclerosis etc. It also helps to provide accurate location of individuals if lost or suffers from a memory loss or impairmen (Balas Iakovidis, 1999). Task 2 2.1 For the general population it is believed that the assistive technology will improve the health, safety, quality and efficiency and costs. But some people consider the technologies also contribute to some errors and adverse events (Curry, 2002). The main aim of the technology is to provide health and safety to the patient, patients family and friends and the health staff working in the health center. For the safety purposes the technologies assist in following ways: Assessing the hazards that is reviewing the patients safety issue which the supplier systems might encounter. Mitigating the hazards that is systematical designing of the controls that are used to identify the hazard. Evidences that are used to ensure that the control used up are proving effective and efficient in the managing the patients risk. In case of safeguarding health the assistive technology are used by nurses, doctors and the patients itself so as to avoid any errors and adverse event of misinterpretation, medicine error, delay of treatments etc. The assistive technology is a boon for safeguarding the patients health as it decrease the chances of errors and tells that a error is about to occur before hand only (Jedeloo, Witte, Linssen Schrijvers, 2000). The other considerations are to achieve patient satisfaction and improving the productivity. The health and safety considerations like transmission of infections between the patients or from the patients to health care staff, appropriate hygiene level, appropriate disposal of wastes etc. are also met up easily by using assistive technology like sterilizing the equipments used and disposing the wastes. 2.2 The ethical considerations in the use of assistive technology are based on the four principles. They are autonomy, justice, beneficence and non maleficence. The technology tries to solve the problems in different ways but sometimes people analyze that the solution is rooted to the conflicting values or not. The family and friends tries to combine the values and the persons situation with the technology. This is a condition for ethical dilemma (Dunnell, 2008). The ethical principles interpretation depends on different contexts like individuals perception and legal and professional values. For the beneficence, it involve to achieve the balance between risk tolerance and risk aversion. So ethical dilemma is between beneficence and safety and independence. Moving on to autonomy arises the ethical dilemma of independence but still isolation persists among the individual. These technologies provide independence but isolation and depression are also an add up to the health. The justice here is providing appropriate technology to all the individuals equally. But it is not the case the facilities are provided upon the money given by the patients or patients family, here also the ethical values are underpinned. Intuitionism is also an aspect that exists in the ethical framework ( Gitlin Burgh, 1994). The other aspect is cultural sensitivity that is to what scale is the biomedical framework is culturally transferrable, here the autonomy and family obligations are being questioned. The ethical questions that arise in the use of assistive technology are: Do the old ones and the individuals with problems are getting a share of the benefits in the new technology? Are there variety of solutions provided to carry up the daily needs Are the interest in the development of technology exists? Do individuals who are not form the staff have an access to information society skills (Neville-Jan, A, Verrier Piersol, C and Kielhofner, 1993). Is the development is too fast to meet up the requirements and the needs of the old peoples? Do any alternatives to the technology exist? 2.3 The benefits of assistive technology to health and social care on the users basis are explained as follows: It gives an independent life to the patients and help them take their decisions and carry life activities without being a burden on any body. It offers a safe and more secure living to the patients (Finlayson Havixbeck, 1992). It gives a dignity, respectful and private lifestyle to the individuals. It provide assurance to the family members about the quality of the care provided. The technology are cost effective and efficient too. It has decreased the mortality rates among the patients to a certain extent (Demers, Weiss-Lambrou, Ska, 2002). It helps in day to day activities like going to toilet, cooking food, managing work. The provision of tele health and tele care is itself a boon for the disabled patients. The re hospitalization of the patients has been considerably reduced due to the use of assistive technology by the patients (Department of Health, 2003). At the user level the technologies are assisting them to provide a fast and increased improvement in their health and well being. The benefits of assistive technology to health and social care on the health and social care organizations are explained as follows: It has reduced the errors that occur due to wrong assessment by the nurses (Barlow, singh, bayer, cury 2007). It has provided ways of treatment that are easy to understand by the common people and produce much positive results in the patients. The adverse events are organized before hand only by the nurses and the health staff with the help of the detectors so the reoccurrence of adverse circumstances is reduced (Thornely, G, Chamberlain, MA and Wright, 1977). The technologies also help the general practitioners to reach a correct diagnosis of the patient conditions. The treatment and the medications are proved to be more effective when using these technologies is used up by the nurses and the patients (Parker Thorslund, 1991). Task 3 3.1 The specific needs for Maggie so as to have independent living are as follows: First is to set a proper routine for her that would include working in the day and having proper sleeps at night time (Aged Care Standards and Accreditation Agency Ltd, 2009). It is to assess her routine and make a proper timetable for her work, resting and sleep patterns. Second is to set a proper routine so as to let Maggie take her meals properly all the three times in a day (Nugent, 2005). Proper nutrition intake is the most important need for Maggie so as to prevent any further impairments in her life. Third is to set a routine that would include proper medicines intake. A time table that would keep her reminded when Maggie has to take the medicines (Barratt, 2004). Fourth is encouraging and supporting her at the emotional level as she has undergone a huge loss of her husband recently (Aggarwal, Vass, Minardi, Ward, Garfield Cybyk, 2003). Due to the loss of the life partner Maggie is unable to overcome this loss and because of this only she is suffering from dementia. So anything that could replenish this loss is needed by Maggie. 3.2 The appropriate devices to support Maggie to live independently are as follows: Reminder message: It can be used by Maggie to tell her to close things like water tap, lights and remind her to take the keys and all the necessary belongings needed by her (Abbey, Casey, Fottit, 2004). Clocks and calendar: It can be used by Maggie to prevent disorientation of the day. It can help Maggie to set the proper regime of work and sleep. It will also let her know days and the time Medication aids: Dossette boxes or automatic pi dispensers can be used by Maggie to help her to take medication at appropriate time. It will help Maggie in the medication process. Bed occupancy sensors: They can be used for Maggie as she is getting up at night time and going out (McCreadie, Wright, Tinker, 2006). These can be an alarm for the family members of the Maggie to check her where she is going and she is fine or not (Janzen, 2001). Work timers: They can be useful for Maggie as they would tell her what is to be done and at what time it is to be done (OSullivan, 2008). They would help her to stay at house and would keep her reminded that the work she has to do at home or out of the home and what work she has to do and at what time. Sensors to monitor daily activities: It can be useful for Maggie as it would be helpful to her GP to recognize the devices that can be used by her to carry out the daily activities easily without any much difficulty (Calkins, Briller, Proffitt, Perez, 2001). 3.3 The usefulness of technology for users of health and social care services are explained as follows: It helps the individual to attain the proper personal lifestyle without any disruptions. It promote autonomy and independence for the person who is suffering from dementia and also to the ones who are surrounded by them (Cunningham, 1992). It also helps to manage potential risks that are in and around that person when he/she is at home or out from home (Dijken, Hoof, Kort, 2006). It reduces acute hospitalization and reentry in to the home care centers and hospitals. It facilitates memory and recalls everything that is important to the individual. It reduces the stress of the care givers, family, friends and also the patients suffering from the disease (Perez, Proffitt, Calkins, 2001). If the disease are recognized at an early stage than the chances of improving from the condition are more. It helps the individual to prevent the disorientation of day and night in their lives. References Abbey, J. Casey, V. Fottit, J., 2004. Measuring and managing a good death for people with dementia. 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